Building and running cars clearly creates CO2. There is a parallel issue with other pollution in the materials used and how/if they can be recycled - not covered in the research.
Getting unambiguous data on the current state of play is complex. But most countries (not all) including the UK have a goal of reducing emmissions and increasing green energy generation.
If it is not the case now that EVs over their lifetime will emit less greenhouse gases that ICE, it seems very likely this will be the case in the future.
But no doubt there will be those who will be happy to look selectively at what is happening and form whatever conclusion they want.
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