>>Canadian ones are bit obscure as all or most start with Y (why?).
From what I read it seems that
....in the US and Canada, the IATA codes are based on the ICAO codes with the first letter of the prefix dropped. Thus KJFK becomes JFK, KLAX is LAX, CYOW translates to YOW for Ottawa, and CYYZ is YYZ for Toronto. Don’t think that any “”Y”” code will be in Canada though – YUM is Yuma, AZ, and YOK is Yokohama, Japan.
From what I recall those locations/cities early in the aviation scene tended to get fairly obvious codes LON BOM PAR MIA . Later ones / multiple airports got something similar L-HR, L-GW, NQY for Newquay
Others adopted local ( to them) codes - Rome- FCO Fiumicino
Cities with multiple airports like LON PAR etc , the codes are often still in use but for admin etc.
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